AUTHOR’S BIO

Dr. Jana Arsovska, a native of Macedonia, is an Assistant Professor at the Sociology Department at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York in New York. She teaches International Criminology, Crime & Justice Theory, Crime & Justice in the Balkans, Sociology of Human Rights, International Criminal Justice, Qualitative Research Methods, and other courses. She holds a PhD degree in Criminology from Leuven University in Belgium where she studied the role of cultural codes in the evolution of ethnic Albanian organized crime groups. Dr. Arsovska has published extensively on Balkan organized crime and human trafficking in scholarly journals and intelligence magazines, and is the co-editor/author of the book Restoring Justice After Large-Scale Conflict: Kosovo, Congo and the Israeli-Palestinian Case [Willan Publishing, 2008; available @ Amazon].

Dr. Arsovska is involved in qualitative and ethnographic research on organized and transnational crime, and has conducted prison studies on related topics in Europe and the United States. Her main research interests include transnational organized crime, including human trafficking, with focus on South Eastern Europe (e.g., Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, etc.) and Western Africa, criminal mobility and “mafia” migration to Western territories (e.g., United States, Belgium), radical Islam in the Balkan region, and applications of transitional and restorative justice mechanism in the Balkan region (e.g., Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina).

Dr. Arsovska has acted as a consultant on organized crime for several organizations, including the World Bank. Prior to her current post, she underwent training at INTERPOL’s criminal analysis unit. Dr. Arsovska is the recipient of the National Institute of Justice’s 2012 W.E.B. Du Bois Fellowship for research examining the relation between migration and transnational organized crime. Her study, focusing on ethnic Albanian immigrants in New York City, seeks to examine how organized crime groups operate across territories. Dr. Arsovska is a member of the editorial board of the journal European Review of Organised Crime, and a regular reviewer for a number of academic journals, including the European Journal of Criminology, Trends in Organized Crime, Theoretical Criminology, British Journal of Sociology, and others.

Dr. Arsovska is the recipient of numerous honors and awards including McNamara Junior Faculty Award, Scholarly Excellence Award, McNair’s “Above and Beyond Mentor” of the Year award, and others. She is an active member of the International Section of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and is also a member

An Error Occurred

Services for this domain name have been disabled.

{e&&window.ttq.instance(t).track(e.event)}))}isLoaded(){return!!window.ttq}}Tiktok.scriptInjected=!1;class GoogleAds extends Provider{getScript(){return`var s=document.createElement('script');s.async=1;s.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=${this.keys[0]}';document.head.appendChild(s);window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag('set','allow_ad_personalization_signals',false);gtag('js',new Date);`}init(e){window.gtag&&window.gtag("config",e)}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{e&&window.gtag("event","conversion",{send_to:`${t}/${e.event}`})}))}isLoaded(e){return!!window.gtag}}GoogleAds.scriptInjected=!1;const ADS_PARAM$1=CAFKey,MESSAGE_PREFIX="FSXDC,.aCS:",ALLOWED_ORIGINS=["https://www.google.com","https://www.adsensecustomsearchads.com","https://syndicatedsearch.goog","https://googleadservices.com"];class Pixels{static build(e){const t=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"pixel_tracking_data");if(t)return t.useAltTikTokEventsForAdsPlatformUser=e.is_ads,new Pixels(t)}constructor(e){this.onPixelEvent=e=>{const{detail:{type:t}}=e;switch(t){case"visit":case"ctr":case"click":this.providers.forEach((e=>e.handlePixelEvent(t)))}},this.providers=[],e.facebook&&Object.keys(e.facebook).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Facebook({[t]:e.facebook[t]}))})),e.tiktok&&Object.keys(e.tiktok).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Tiktok({[t]:e.tiktok[t]}))})),e.taboola&&Object.keys(e.taboola).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Taboola({[t]:e.taboola[t]}))})),e.revcontent&&Object.keys(e.revcontent).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Revcontent({[t]:e.revcontent[t]}))})),e.outbrain&&this.providers.push(new Outbrain(e.outbrain)),e.googleads&&Object.keys(e.googleads).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new GoogleAds({[t]:e.googleads[t]}))}))}listenForEvents(){document.addEventListener("pixel",(e=>{this.onPixelEvent(e)}));window.onmessage=e=>{const{origin:t,data:n}=e;ALLOWED_ORIGINS.includes(t)&&"string"==typeof n&&(null==n?void 0:n.startsWith(MESSAGE_PREFIX))&&new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).has(ADS_PARAM$1)&&document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:{type:"click"}}))}}listenForPixelEvents(){document.addEventListener("pixel",(e=>{this.onPixelEvent(e)}))}dispatchEvent(e){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:e}))}}var State;!function(e){e[e.Pending=0]="Pending",e[e.Loaded=1]="Loaded",e[e.Failure=2]="Failure",e[e.TimedOut=3]="TimedOut",e[e.Errored=4]="Errored"}(State||(State={}));const CAF_SCRIPT_SRC=`https://www.google.com/adsense/domains/caf.js?${GOOGLE_MV3_URL_PARAMS}`,TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS);class StateMachine{constructor(){this.state=State.Pending}transitionTo(e){this.state=e}transitionFromPendingTo(e){this.done||(this.state=e)}get loaded(){return this.state===State.Loaded}get timedOut(){return this.state===State.TimedOut}get done(){return this.state!==State.Pending}}class Ads{constructor(e,t){this.state={script:new StateMachine,blocks:new StateMachine},this.blocksLoaded=[],this.injectScriptTags=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=CAF_SCRIPT_SRC,t.addEventListener("load",(()=>e(!0))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.body.appendChild(t),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS>0&&setTimeout((()=>e(!1)),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS)}))})),this.onPageLoaded=(e,t)=>{if(this.pageLoaded={requestAccepted:e,status:t},this.state.script.done)return;const n=null==t?void 0:t.error_code;n?(this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_pageloaderror_${n}`):this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Loaded)},this.onBlockLoaded=(e,t,n,i)=>{this.blocksLoaded.push({containerName:e,adsLoaded:t,isExperimentVariant:n,callbackOptions:i}),this.state.blocks.done||(t?this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Loaded):this.blocksLoaded.length>=this.blocks.length&&(this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_adloadfail_${e}`))},this.onTimeout=()=>{this.state.script.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut),this.state.blocks.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut)},this.blocks=e,this.options=t}get loaded(){return this.state.script.loaded&&!this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded)).includes(!1)}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{const n=performance.now();if(this.state.blocks.done)return this.cafLoadTime=Math.round(n-this.cafStartTime),void e();const i=this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded));i.includes(!1)||i.length>=this.blocks.length?e():setTimeout(t,50)};t()}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{const e=yield this.injectScriptTags();return this.cafStartTime=performance.now(),e&&void 0!==window.google?(new window.google.ads.domains.Caf(Object.assign(Object.assign({},this.options),{pageLoadedCallback:this.onPageLoaded,adLoadedCallback:this.onBlockLoaded}),...this.blocks),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS>0&&setTimeout(this.onTimeout,TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS),yield new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{this.state.script.done?e():setTimeout(t,10)};t()}))):void this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}catch(e){return void(this.error=e.toString())}}))}toCallbacks(){return{adLoadedCallback:this.blocksLoaded.slice(-1)[0],pageLoadedCallback:this.pageLoaded,cafTimedOut:this.state.script.timedOut||this.state.blocks.timedOut,cafLoadedMs:this.cafLoadTime,googleAdsFailure:!!this.failureReason}}toContext(){const e={cafScriptWasLoaded:this.state.script.loaded,cafScriptLoadTime:this.cafLoadTime,callbacks:this.toCallbacks};return this.error&&(e.js_error={message:this.error}),this.state.script.loaded||(e.zeroclick={reason:"googleAdsFailure"}),e}mockFailedState(){this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}}class TagManager{constructor(e){this.injected=!1,this.identifier=e}inject(){if(this.injected)return;if(!this.identifier)return;if("TEST"===this.identifier)return;const e=document.createElement("script");e.setAttribute("src",`https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=${this.identifier}`),document.head.appendChild(e),this.track(),this.injected=!0}track(){this.push("js",new Date),this.push("config",this.identifier)}push(e,t){window.dataLayer||(window.dataLayer=[]),window.dataLayer.push(arguments)}}const ADS_PARAM=CAFKey,ADS_TRACKING_URL="_tr",BLOCKS_TYPE="ads",BLOCKS_CONTAINER="rs",KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS=["caf","query","afdToken","pcsa","nb","nm","nx","ny","is","clkt"];class Google{static build({pageOptions:e,preferredLanguage:t,blocks:n,googleAnalytics:i},s,a,o){let r={};e&&(r=Object.assign({},e),r.hl||(r.hl=t));let d=null==e?void 0:e.resultsPageBaseUrl;d||(d=window.location.origin);return new Google(s.uuid,n,r,i,d,o)}constructor(e,t,n,i,s,a){this._blocks=t,this._pageOptions=n,this.uuid=e,this._baseURL=new URL(s),this._signature=a,this.ads=new Ads(this.blocks,this.pageOptions),this.tagManager=new TagManager(i)}injectTagManager(){this.tagManager.inject()}injectAds(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){yield this.ads.inject()}))}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return this.ads.waitForBlocks()}))}get blocks(){return(this._blocks||[]).filter((e=>this.wantsToServeAds?e.type===BLOCKS_TYPE:e.container===BLOCKS_CONTAINER)).map((e=>{const t=this.baseURL;new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).forEach(((e,n)=>{t.searchParams.has(n)||t.searchParams.append(n,e)}));const n=Object.assign({},e);if(n.resultsPageBaseUrl=t.toString(),this.wantsToServeAds){const e=new URLSearchParams;e.append("click","true"),e.append("session",this.uuid);const t=Object.assign({},this._signature);delete t.ad_loaded_callback,delete t.caf_loaded_ms,delete t.caf_timed_out,delete t.flex_rule,delete t.frame,delete t.js_error,delete t.no_ads_redirect,delete t.page_headers,delete t.page_request,delete t.page_loaded_callback,delete t.popup,delete t.screen_resolution,delete t.user_has_ad_blocker,delete t.user_preference,delete t.user_supports_darkmode,delete t.user_using_darkmode,delete t.zeroclick,e.append("signature",encode(t)),n.clicktrackUrl=`${TRACKING_DOMAIN}${ADS_TRACKING_URL}?${e.toString()}`}return n}))}get baseURL(){const e=new URL(this._baseURL.origin);return e.searchParams.append(ADS_PARAM,"1"),this._baseURL.searchParams.forEach(((t,n)=>{e.searchParams.append(n,t)})),e}get pageOptions(){const e=Object.assign({},this._pageOptions);return Object.keys(this._pageOptions).forEach((t=>{t.startsWith("bodis")&&delete e[t]})),e}get cannotLoadAds(){return!this.ads.loaded}get wantsToServeAds(){return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).has(ADS_PARAM)}get adsMode(){return this.ads.loaded&&this.wantsToServeAds}get adsReady(){return this.wantsToServeAds&&!this.cannotLoadAds}get noAdsRedirectUrl(){const e=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);return KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS.forEach((t=>e.delete(t))),`${window.location.origin}?${e.toString()}`}get callbacks(){return this.ads.toCallbacks()}toContext(){return Object.assign({blocks:this.blocks,pageOptions:this.pageOptions},this.ads.toContext())}}class CookieConsentManager{constructor(){this.injectScriptTag=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src",COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL),t.addEventListener("load",(()=>this.awaitConsent(e))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.head.appendChild(t)}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.injected||!COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL||isLocal()||(this.injected=yield this.injectScriptTag())}))}awaitConsent(e){let t=0;const n=setInterval((()=>{t+=1,20===t&&(clearInterval(n),e(!0)),void 0!==window.__tcfapi&&(window.addEventListener("ConsentActivity",(t=>{const{detail:{status:n}}=t;n&&e(!0)})),clearInterval(n))}),50)}}class Cheq{constructor(e){let t;if(t="string"==typeof e?parseInt(e,10):e,t<0||t>100)throw new Error("Load percentage must be between 0 and 100");this.loadPercentage=t}inject(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(this.injected)return;100*Math.random()<=this.loadPercentage&&(this.injected=this.injectScriptTag(e,t))}))}injectScriptTag(e,t){const n=document.createElement("script");return n.type="text/javascript",n.async=!0,n.setAttribute("src","https://ob.forseasky.com/i/148870ae21863d775c347e8893c985af.js"),n.setAttribute("data-ch","cheq4ppc"),n.setAttribute("data-uvid",e),n.setAttribute("data-utm-campaign",t.toString()),n.className="ct_clicktrue_73521",document.head.appendChild(n),!0}}class App{main(){var e,t,n;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(this.parkResponse=decode(),this.findDomainResponse=yield getFindDomain(),!this.findDomainResponse)throw new Error("Domain failed to load.");this.pixels=Pixels.build(this.findDomainResponse),null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.listenForEvents(),this.adblock=new Adblock,yield this.adblock.inject(),this.google=Google.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.parkResponse,this.adblock,buildSignature({context:this.context,callbacks:null===(t=this.google)||void 0===t?void 0:t.callbacks},"click")),this.google.injectTagManager();const i=Parking.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.google);Render.prerender(i);const s=(null===(n=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===n?void 0:n.referral)?AFD_REFERRAL_CHEQ_LOAD_PERCENTAGE:AFD_ORGANIC_CHEQ_LOAD_PERCENTAGE;this.cheq=new Cheq(s),this.cheq.inject(this.parkResponse.uuid,this.findDomainResponse.userId),this.cookieConsentManager=new CookieConsentManager,yield this.cookieConsentManager.inject();let a=Failed.cannotPark(this.findDomainResponse);if(a)return void(yield this.transitionToFailed(a,i));yield this.google.injectAds();let o=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state);if(o)return void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(o,i));const r=this.adblock.hasAdblocker();r&&this.adblock.handleAdblocked();const d=Sales.build(this.findDomainResponse);if(d)return void(yield this.transitionToSales(d));this.eligibleForZeroClick&&(this.zeroClickResponse=yield getZeroClick(this.context));const c=Redirect.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.zeroClickResponse,this.google);if(c)yield this.transitionToRedirect(c);else{if(r)return o=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state),void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(o,i));a=Failed.noSponsors(this.google),a?yield this.transitionToFailed(a,i):yield this.transitionToParking(i)}}))}transitionToParking(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.template(e),Render.revealPage(),yield this.google.waitForBlocks(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToRedirect(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e;const t=this.track();Render.revealPage(),yield waiter(e.delay,(e=>Render.loading(e))),yield t,window.location.href=e.url,log(`➡ Redirecting [${e.url}]`)}))}transitionToFailed(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToSales(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,e.init(this.context),yield this.track()}))}transitionToDisabled(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),"adblocker"===e.reason&&t.bannerAdblockerOnly&&Render.revealSalesBanner(),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}track(){var e;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(!this.state.track)return Promise.resolve();try{const t=this.state.trackingType;return null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.dispatchEvent({type:t}),trackVisit({context:this.context,callbacks:this.google.callbacks},t)}catch(e){return}}))}get eligibleForZeroClick(){const{cannotPark:e,canZeroClick:t,zeroClick:n}=this.findDomainResponse,{cannotLoadAds:i,wantsToServeAds:s}=this.google;return this.adblock.state!==Blocking.BLOCKED&&(!!t&&(!!e||(!(!i||s)||!!(null==n?void 0:n.reason))))}get context(){var e,t,n,i;const s=this.findDomainResponse,a=this.parkResponse,o=null===(e=this.state)||void 0===e?void 0:e.toContext(),r=null===(t=this.adblock)||void 0===t?void 0:t.toContext(),d=null===(n=this.google)||void 0===n?void 0:n.toContext(),c=browserState(),l=Object.assign(Object.assign({},null===(i=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===i?void 0:i.zeroClick),this.zeroClickResponse);return Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign({app_version:APP_VERSION},s),a),r),d),o),c),{zeroClick:l})}init(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{window.__parkour=this,yield this.main()}catch(e){console.error("app",e);const t=Failed.fromError(e);this.state=t,Render.message(t.message),Render.revealPage()}}))}}(new App).init(),exports.App=App}));

Jana Book

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Ad block detected

An Error Occurred

An Error Occurred

Content blocked

Invalid URL

No sponsors

No Sponsors

Invalid URL

An Error Occurred

An Error Occurred